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8 common signs of itchy skin

8 common signs of itchy skin

Itchy skin or pruritus is a sensation most people experience at some point. It is generally harmless and often annoying. However, if itchy skin persists continuously over a long period, it may indicate an underlying health condition. Also, if the itching occurs over the same body area and does not go away with simple remedies, one must consult their primary care doctor for a proper diagnosis. Here are some common signs of itchy skin that may require attention.

Dry skin
Dry skin is one of the most common causes of itching. When the skin cells lose hydration, the top layer becomes dry and flaky, which leads to irritation and repeated itching to get relief. Dryness can occur due to cold weather or low humidity. Excessive bathing, frequent showering with hot water, and using harsh soaps may also cause the skin to lose its natural hydration, leading to itchiness.

Rash or redness
Another common sign of itchy skin is when rashes develop over the affected areas. There can be redness as well, which results from inflammation. These rashes and red patches will vary in shape and size. These are usually areas of intense itching that worsen unless treated properly. Such rashes may develop due to allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, insect bites, or infection.

Peeling or cracked skin
This sign of itchy skin usually occurs in the areas where the skin tends to crease or fold naturally. These include the areas between the toes and fingers or areas behind the elbow or knees. This happens due to the accumulation of sweat, dirt, dead skin cells, and debris. The skin begins to peel or crack, leading to itching sensations. If not treated on time, these areas may have open fissures or pores developing on them.

Burning sensation
In some cases, a burning sensation may also occur as a symptom of itchy skin. It is often experienced as a constant stinging sensation left behind after itching the irritated area to get some relief. However, it only ends in a vicious cycle of discomfort and inflammation, which can disrupt daily routine activities if it becomes too severe. This is commonly observed when a person has psoriasis or eczema.

Hives or itchy bumps
Itchiness is often preceded by the development of hives or bumps on a particular area of the skin. This is generally indicative of an infection, insect bite, or an allergic reaction. Such a reaction may be caused by certain foods or clothing materials or contact with certain chemicals present in skincare or makeup products. The raised welts can cause intense itching, leading to skin irritation and inflammation.

Nighttime itching
In some cases, intense nighttime itching may occur. The severity can range from mild to severe sleep disruptions. This sign of itchy skin can occur due to various reasons, including skin conditions such as scabies or infestation by bugs such as bed bugs. Sometimes, nighttime itching also occurs due to underlying health conditions such as kidney dysfunction or liver disorder.

Thickened or scaly skin
A notable sign of chronic itching is a gradual change in the texture of the skin. The affected areas appear thicker than the rest of the surrounding skin due to the constant itching. Sometimes, the skin where itching has occurred persistently may also feel scaly. This generally happens in the cases of skin conditions such as psoriasis and lichen simplex chronicus that change the appearance of the skin in the affected areas.

Irritation after exposure to water
Some individuals experience aquagenic pruritus. It’s a rare condition that causes itching of the skin after prolonged exposure to water, even if the water is clean, chemical-free, and not heavily chlorinated. The itching usually occurs immediately after contact with water and may last up to an hour. Although there are no rashes, bumps, or visible skin lesions, the sensation of itchiness can be persistent and uncomfortable.

How to manage itchy skin at home?
When one experiences persistent itchy skin for the first time, there are some home remedies that one can try to alleviate the discomfort. Firstly, it is important to drink enough water for internal hydration and use a moisturizer suitable for one’s skin type to hydrate the affected area. Applying cool and wet compresses on the itchy skin can also help ease the itching. Additionally, switch to non-fragrant and hypoallergenic skin products and laundry detergents to avoid any potential irritants. However, if the itching persists even after trying these remedies, one must seek medical attention.

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Understanding arthritis – A common joint condition

The joints are constantly working while we move our limbs, so, understandably, people may develop certain joint conditions that cause pain and compromise mobility, especially with age. One of the common joint conditions is arthritis, which leads to joint inflammation and mild to severe pain. While there are several types of arthritis, the two most common types are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Stages Rheumatoid arthritis has four stages: Stage 1: At this stage, inflammation occurs inside the joints, and swelling, stiffness, and joint pain are the common symptoms. Stage 2: The inflammation of the joint lining, synovium, aggravates at this stage and results in cartilage damage. The affected joints’ range of motion is also compromised, causing pain and discomfort. Stage 3: At this stage, the severity of the joint condition increases, and it leads to bone damage. This results in more pain, loss of mobility, and weakness of muscles. The bones rubbing against each other can cause bone deformity as well. Stage 4: This is the final stage where the joints stop functioning completely. It leads to more pain, stiffness, and swelling, and the bones may even fuse, which is known as ankylosis. Osteoarthritis also has four stages of progression: Stage 1: Wear and tear may affect the knee joints, and minor spur growths on the affected bone can also be seen, but the condition does not cause too much pain at this stage. Stage 2: The bone spur growths increase and cause pain, and the knee joints become stiffer. Stage 3: This stage is characterized by joint inflammation leading to increased pain and stiffness. Walking can also cause popping sounds in the joints. Stage 4: The space between the bones in the joints becomes very narrow, causing the cartilage to wear down. Also, a chronic inflammatory response caused by the breakdown of cartilage aggravates discomfort and pain. Diagnosis of arthritis These joint conditions can be diagnosed using several tests. A physical examination reveals whether a patient has red, warm, and tender joints, and this test also helps examine the fluid around the joints. A rheumatologist can analyze the level of inflammation in the joints to determine the type of arthritis an individual is affected with. Also, blood tests are undertaken to check for antibodies like anti-CCP, rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibody. In addition, X-ray, CT scans, and MRI are also performed to check the condition of the cartilage and bones. Prevention of arthritis A family history of joint conditions like arthritis or aging can increase one’s risk of developing arthritis, but making certain lifestyle changes can also help lower the chances of developing the condition. To start with, one should include more foods with omega-3 fatty acids in their diet as these healthy fats are anti-inflammatory. One should also exercise regularly, keep their weight under check, reduce stress on their joints, and try to avoid injuries. Also, if one notices any symptoms of arthritis, they should consult a doctor immediately as early diagnosis goes a long way in managing the condition effectively through timely treatment.

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Causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal, crescent-shaped red blood cells. It is caused by a specific genetic mutation that alters the structure of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 300,000 infants worldwide are born with sickle cell anemia yearly. These misshapen cells have difficulty passing through small blood vessels, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. Causes of sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia, a genetic blood disorder, has its origins in specific genetic mutations. Understanding these mutations is essential for comprehending the condition's causes. Genetic inheritance Sickle cell anemia is primarily a hereditary condition rooted in the inheritance of specific genetic mutations. A unique genetic combination occurs when both parents carry an abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS) gene. In this scenario, there's a 25% chance that their child will inherit two copies of the HbS gene, leading to sickle cell anemia. The sickle cell trait The sickle cell trait comes into play when an individual inherits one HbS gene and one normal hemoglobin gene. Carriers of this trait typically do not experience severe symptoms associated with full-blown sickle cell anemia. However, they can pass this trait on to their children, making it a crucial consideration for family planning and genetic counseling. Historical malaria protection Interestingly, the prevalence of the sickle cell trait in certain regions holds historical significance. This link dates back to a time when malaria was rampant. A specific gene provided a degree of protection against malaria, a mosquito-borne disease. Consequently, this led to a higher frequency of the sickle cell trait in populations where malaria was endemic. Understanding these underlying genetic causes not only sheds light on how sickle cell anemia is inherited but also underscores the importance of informed family planning decisions. Recognizing the role of genetics in this condition empowers individuals and families to make choices that promote health and well-being. Symptoms of sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia, a hereditary blood disorder, manifests through a range of distinctive signs. Understanding these indicators is crucial for early detection and timely intervention. Abnormal fatigue Sickle cell anemia can lead to chronic fatigue that surpasses the usual tiredness. This weariness is caused by the inability of misshapen red blood cells to transport oxygen. Consequently, affected individuals often experience a persistent lack of energy, which can significantly impact daily activities. Episodes of intense pain Perhaps one of the most telling signs is that sickle cell anemia often manifests through excruciating episodes of pain. These episodes, referred to as "crises," occur when abnormal red blood cells cluster together, obstructing blood flow. The resulting pain can be debilitating and may occur unpredictably in various parts of the body. Painful swelling of hands and feet Sickle cell anemia can lead to swelling, particularly in the hands and feet. This is due to the compromised blood flow caused by misshapen red blood cells. The condition, known as dactylitis, can be particularly distressing, especially in infants and young children. Jaundice and yellowing of the eyes Anemia can lead to the accelerated breakdown of red blood cells, resulting in an excess of bilirubin in the bloodstream. This buildup can lead to jaundice, characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. It's an important visual sign that may indicate underlying health issues, including sickle cell anemia. Frequent infections Sickle cell anemia weakens the immune system's ability to combat infections. The altered red blood cells are less effective at transporting oxygen, which is vital for the immune response. This leaves individuals more susceptible to bacterial infections, particularly in the early years of life. Delayed growth and development in children Children with sickle cell anemia may experience delayed growth and development. This can be attributed to the decreased oxygen supply caused by the misshapen red blood cells. It's crucial for healthcare providers to monitor the growth patterns of affected children and intervene as necessary. Vision impairments In some cases, sickle cell anemia can affect the eyes. Blood vessels in the eyes may become blocked, leading to vision problems. If left untreated, this can result in long-term vision impairment or even blindness. Frequent headaches Persistent headaches can be a symptom of sickle cell anemia. The altered blood cells can disrupt blood flow to the brain, leading to recurring headaches. Monitoring the frequency and severity of headaches can provide valuable insights into the progression of the condition. Breathing difficulties Severe cases of sickle cell anemia can lead to acute chest syndrome, a condition that mirrors pneumonia. This can result in breathing difficulties, chest pain, and a rapid heart rate. It's crucial to seek immediate professional attention if these symptoms arise. Organ damage Over time, the inadequate oxygen supply caused by misshapen red blood cells can lead to chronic organ damage. The spleen, which filters out damaged blood cells, is particularly susceptible. Additionally, the liver, kidneys, and other organs may be affected, leading to potential complications.

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