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3 treatment tips to fight melanoma

3 treatment tips to fight melanoma

Melanoma, which is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer, develops in melanin cells or melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. It is caused when UV rays or tanning beds alter the melanocytes’ genetic mutations. Early detection has been found to heal most patients suffering from the disease. This article discusses the treatment options, meal plans, and lifestyle changes that can help patients with melanoma alleviate its effects:

What are the treatment options?
Early treatment is crucial to ensure a complete recovery from melanoma. Surgery is the primary intervention for melanoma, particularly when it is detected in an initial stage and the tumor is less than 1 mm in thickness. However, surgical melanoma removal becomes difficult or impossible if the condition is left undiagnosed. In such cases, one of the most reliable treatment options is Opdivo®, authorized by FDA for patients with advanced melanoma, i.e., stages III and IV. In stage III, surgery must be supplemented by other treatments to eradicate melanoma cells. In stage IV, melanoma begins spreading to other organs and cannot be removed surgically.

Typically, hospitalization is not required for Opdivo ® intervention, as outpatient treatment is the preferred treatment plan. Opdivo ® primarily aims to dissolve tumors from all parts of the body, facilitate symptom relief, and help patients recover completely from the condition. It also produces an immunological memory in T-cells, ensuring that the body continues fighting melanoma even after the treatment course is completed. Treatment using it may cause certain side effects, including shortness of breath, tiredness, muscle and bone pain, UTI, nausea, and constipation. It is best to consult an oncologist to discuss these side effects and other details before opting for it.

Foods to eat and to avoid
Consuming nutritious meals regularly and avoiding unhealthy foods can increase one’s immunity, facilitate pain relief, and aid in the recovery process. Here are some foods that patients with melanoma should consume and avoid:

Foods to eat

Red vegetables and fruits
Red fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, apricots, papaya, and blood oranges, are rich sources of lycopene, an antioxidant that helps the body heal from skin damage caused by the sun. Hence, these fruits and vegetables can help manage symptoms in individuals with melanoma.

Legumes and beans
Legumes and beans are rich in antioxidants and zinc, boosting one’s immunity to fight against melanoma. Chickpeas, black beans, kidney beans, etc. may be boiled or sprouted and added to gravies, soups, and salads.

Leafy greens
It is suggested that leafy greens like kale, spinach, and fenugreek have high concentrations of vitamin C, alleviating the harmful effects of free radicals in the body.

Flaxseeds
Flaxseeds are excellent additions to meal plans of individuals with melanoma, as they are packed with antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.

Fat-rich fish varieties
Fish sources rich in fat, including farmed and wild salmon, Albacore tuna, Atlantic herring, and anchovies, contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids and can aid in the battle against melanoma.

Foods to avoid

Refined sugar
The intake of foods rich in refined sugar, including candy bars and chocolates, is found to adversely affect individuals with melanoma. Instead, opt for natural sugar sources, such as fruits.

Refined flour
Cereal products and other foods consisting of refined flour have high glycemic indexes and are harmful for the body, particularly for those suffering from cancer. Regular intake of flour-based readymade cereals is associated with melanoma risk, particularly among women.

Caffeinated beverages
Caffeinated beverages like tea and coffee contain antioxidants and are effective for individuals with skin cancers. However, large quantities of these beverages can cause dehydration, which is detrimental in such conditions.

Processed fats
Consuming processed fats like red meat, fried items, and fast foods can affect bowel movements, particularly causing constipation, which can worsen melanoma symptoms.

Effective lifestyle changes and tips
A healthy lifestyle followed over an extended period is necessary for any intervention to be effective. Here are some effective lifestyle changes for patients with melanoma:

Controlling exposure to UV rays
Limited exposure to UV rays is essential to avoid further damage to the skin. Although exposure to sunlight cannot be avoided, recommended practices include wearing protective gear like hats and shades and applying a sunscreen lotion with a sun protection factor (SPF).

Avoiding stressful activities
Stress and fatigue can reverse the positive effects of melanoma treatment. Working professionals must take up jobs offering good work-life balance. It is a good idea to seek active assistance for household chores and appoint caregivers to help with daily activities.

Availing counseling and mental health services
The process of battling cancer can be tiresome physically, mentally, and emotionally. It helps to seek professional help for mental well-being, including counseling services.

Joining support groups
It always helps to be reassured that one is not alone in any situation. Joining online and/or offline support groups comprising melanoma survivors and caregivers can be highly motivating.

Exercising and meditating
A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for cancer; individuals with melanoma should engage in regular — but not strenuous — exercises to stay active. Meditation and breathing exercises also aid physical and mental wellbeing.

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Understanding arthritis – A common joint condition

The joints are constantly working while we move our limbs, so, understandably, people may develop certain joint conditions that cause pain and compromise mobility, especially with age. One of the common joint conditions is arthritis, which leads to joint inflammation and mild to severe pain. While there are several types of arthritis, the two most common types are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Stages Rheumatoid arthritis has four stages: Stage 1: At this stage, inflammation occurs inside the joints, and swelling, stiffness, and joint pain are the common symptoms. Stage 2: The inflammation of the joint lining, synovium, aggravates at this stage and results in cartilage damage. The affected joints’ range of motion is also compromised, causing pain and discomfort. Stage 3: At this stage, the severity of the joint condition increases, and it leads to bone damage. This results in more pain, loss of mobility, and weakness of muscles. The bones rubbing against each other can cause bone deformity as well. Stage 4: This is the final stage where the joints stop functioning completely. It leads to more pain, stiffness, and swelling, and the bones may even fuse, which is known as ankylosis. Osteoarthritis also has four stages of progression: Stage 1: Wear and tear may affect the knee joints, and minor spur growths on the affected bone can also be seen, but the condition does not cause too much pain at this stage. Stage 2: The bone spur growths increase and cause pain, and the knee joints become stiffer. Stage 3: This stage is characterized by joint inflammation leading to increased pain and stiffness. Walking can also cause popping sounds in the joints. Stage 4: The space between the bones in the joints becomes very narrow, causing the cartilage to wear down. Also, a chronic inflammatory response caused by the breakdown of cartilage aggravates discomfort and pain. Diagnosis of arthritis These joint conditions can be diagnosed using several tests. A physical examination reveals whether a patient has red, warm, and tender joints, and this test also helps examine the fluid around the joints. A rheumatologist can analyze the level of inflammation in the joints to determine the type of arthritis an individual is affected with. Also, blood tests are undertaken to check for antibodies like anti-CCP, rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibody. In addition, X-ray, CT scans, and MRI are also performed to check the condition of the cartilage and bones. Prevention of arthritis A family history of joint conditions like arthritis or aging can increase one’s risk of developing arthritis, but making certain lifestyle changes can also help lower the chances of developing the condition. To start with, one should include more foods with omega-3 fatty acids in their diet as these healthy fats are anti-inflammatory. One should also exercise regularly, keep their weight under check, reduce stress on their joints, and try to avoid injuries. Also, if one notices any symptoms of arthritis, they should consult a doctor immediately as early diagnosis goes a long way in managing the condition effectively through timely treatment.

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6 common migraine triggers to be aware of

A migraine is a severe form of headache occurring on one side of the head. It is also characterized by nausea, light and sound sensitivity, vomiting and, sometimes, loss of appetite or cravings. The most common migraine types are aura migraine, which affects vision, and common migraine, wherein vision is not compromised. This article discusses the most common migraine triggers, as well as treatment options, meal plans, and lifestyle changes to alleviate its effects: Various factors are involved in causing a migraine. It is best to know the causes of one’s migraine so that the treatment options can be recommended accordingly. Here are some common migraine triggers. Stress Stress is a highly common cause of migraine. It can alter brain structures and functions, causing or aggravating migraine. Excess stress can often lead to a vicious cycle, wherein individuals with high stress levels develop migraine, which further elevates stress. Hormonal changes Hormonal changes, particularly in women, are major triggers of migraine. Women may experience severe migraines at the onset of periods or during pregnancy and menopause. Contraceptive pills can exacerbate the condition in some women. Weather fluctuations Changes in weather can trigger hormonal imbalances in the brain, particularly the serotonin levels, causing a migraine. Humidity can cause and aggravate migraines among several individuals. Food sweeteners and preservatives Some artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, and preservatives like monosodium glutamate (MSG) are known to contribute to migraines. Heredity Individuals with one parent prone to migraine have a 50 percent probability of developing the condition. Those with both parents having migraine headaches are 75 percent likely to suffer from it. Genes and a person’s environment often contribute equally to causing migraines. Sleep issues Sleep disorders like insomnia are among the primary triggers of migraine. Several studies have indicated that insufficient Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep can produce specific proteins causing migraine and headaches. Treatment options A comprehensive treatment plan under a doctor’s consultation can help individuals overcome migraine. Here are some common treatment options for the condition: Nurtec® Nurtec® ODT is an FDA-approved prescription treatment for migraines and is classified as a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist. It is known to alleviate symptoms and lower their frequency. It works by blocking the activation of CGRP receptors, which can help prevent migraines. UBRELVY UBRELVY is an FDA-approved oral treatment for migraine attacks. It blocks calcitonin gene-related peptide, a protein majorly responsible for migraines. Most individuals experience relief from migraine two hours after taking UBRELVY. Always consult a doctor to ensure the treatment option is taken in the right doses. QULIPTA™ QULIPTA™ is a treatment option that is known to prevent migraine attacks over a period of time. It is helpful in reducing migraine days in a month. A doctor’s prescription is required for taking QULIPTA™. Foods to eat Leafy greens Leafy green vegetables like kale, spinach, and fenugreek are anti-inflammatory and contain antioxidants, helping reduce migraines. Fruits high in water content Fruits containing high water content, including watermelons, strawberries, peaches, and oranges, can prevent dehydration, a condition that worsens migraines. Herbal tea Herbal teas with aromatic flavors like peppermint, ginger, and clove are extremely soothing. They can alleviate symptoms for those struggling with migraine. Quinoa Several women experience migraines due to anemia or acute iron deficiency. Quinoa contains nutrients such as magnesium, iron, and riboflavin, which contribute to migraine relief. Fat-rich fish Sardines, salmon, tuna, and mackerel contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential in regulating migraine attacks. Foods to avoid Foods that contain tyramine Tyramine is a compound that is absorbed in the body through an enzyme called monoamine oxidase. If a person has low levels of this enzyme and suffers from a migraine, they can experience symptoms after eating foods containing tyramine. Some examples of these foods are aged cheese varieties, pickled and fermented vegetables, processed meats, and citrus fruits. They should be avoided as they can cause or worsen migraines. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) MSG is a preservative found in several packaged and canned foods. It is known to increase glutamate levels in the body, triggering and aggravating migraine. Artificial sweeteners Artificial sweeteners like aspartame and stevia are known to trigger headaches and should be avoided. Chocolate Chocolate consists of beta-phenylethylamine and caffeine, which can trigger migraine. Hence, its consumption should be limited or avoided. Salty processed foods Several processed foods, including readymade chips and fries, contain huge quantities of salt. The excess sodium content in such foods can increase blood pressure and trigger migraine. Lifestyle changes to consider Healthy sleep cycle Individuals prone to migraines must follow a fixed sleep cycle to ensure speedy recovery. Minimizing the use of electronic devices at night can help in getting good sleep. Having meals on time Following a fixed meal routine, not skipping any meals, and avoiding late-night binges can alleviate migraine symptoms. Staying hydrated Dehydration triggers migraine. One should consume at least 2.5 liters of water daily to prevent dehydration. Exercising regularly Maintaining a regular exercise regime can facilitate an active lifestyle, which is crucial to stay fit and overcome migraine. Ensuring mental wellbeing Hypertension, overthinking, and anxiety significantly hamper recovery from migraine. Individuals with migraine must seek professional help for mental health issues, if needed. They can engage in activities that keep them occupied and relieve stress, like mindfulness yoga, listening to music, among others.

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Everything you need to know about chronic fatigue syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition that causes extreme tiredness and fatigue that does not go away even after resting. The causes of the condition are yet to be known. However, there are some theories indicate several factors which include: Viral infection Stress Or several factors in unison Once the symptoms are identified and the condition is diagnosed, treatment can be taken to get relief from symptoms. Understanding all aspects of the condition, including its stages, diagnosis, symptoms, and prevention can help in managing it effectively. Different stages and phases of chronic fatigue syndrome The patients of chronic fatigue syndrome undergo four phases of the condition. Their response towards the treatment can also vary greatly depending on the phase that they are going through. These phases are: Phase I: Crisis or trauma Phase II: Stabilization Phase III: Resolution Phase IV: Integration During all the phases, a chronic fatigue syndrome patient undergoes some physical, psychological, and social changes that are easily noticeable. Diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome No one test can diagnose a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome. This is because the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome resemble several other health conditions. Therefore, a lot of patience is required for the diagnosis of the condition.
02

What you should know about depression

Depression is a mental health disorder that results in bouts of continuous sadness. A clinical mood disorder can lead to physical and emotional suffering, and can also change one’s behavior. Frustration, anger outbursts, lack of energy, sleep issues, anxiety, disinterest in eating, concentration issues, and suicidal thoughts are also common symptoms of this disease. Depending on its severity, the illness can challenge one to lead a normal life, too. Diagnosis There are many different methods a medical professional can use to determine if one is affected by depression. Psychiatric evaluation is the most common way to determine if one is suffering from the disease. The mental health doctor will interview the affected person to understand their thought process, mood, and other symptoms. Some doctors may compare symptoms with the ones listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This makes it easier for them to understand the condition. A physical exam is also performed to determine if any physical health issue is caused due to this mental condition. Stages of depression Depending on the level of sadness, the stages of depression can be divided into five stages: Stage 1 Even though the signs of mental disease are hard to miss, for most people, it starts with denial.
03

Important things you should know about diabetes

The pancreas is an important organ in our body that produces insulin. It is required to help the glucose pass to our cells from the blood. That is how energy is created, which is the fuel we require to function. When the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, the glucose level in one’s blood increases. This can result in diabetes, which can lead to organ damage. Types of diabetes There are mainly three kinds of this disease. Type 1 diabetes It can be most commonly seen in children and adolescents. Having said that, it can occur at any age. The insulin production of one’s body decreases with this condition, and they require daily injections to control their glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes Around 90% of people who have diabetes suffer from this type. It is most commonly seen in adults and results in one’s body failing to properly use the insulin that is produced. It can be kept under control by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, but one may also require medicine in the advanced stages. Gestational diabetes This can be seen during pregnancy if the glucose level in one’s blood increases. It can affect both the child and the mother.
04

Gout – Diagnosis, stages, and prevention

Gout or gouty arthritis is a form of arthritis that commonly occurs in the joint located at the base of one’s big toe. It can also be seen in other joints and results in swelling, sudden pain, and tenderness. It can happen to anyone and occur at any moment, even suddenly in the middle of the night. The good news is that it can be prevented and treated. Diagnosis of gout Multiple medical tests can be used to determine if one has this form of arthritis. Below is a list of the most common tests. Joint fluid test The doctor uses a needle to collect fluid from one’s joint and test the same under a microscope. If urate crystals are found in the fluid then they have the condition. Blood test For gout detection, the doctor may suggest a blood test. The amount of creatinine and uric acid present in one’s blood indicates if they have it or not. However, the result of the blood test may not always be conclusive. X-ray imaging If one has joint inflammation, the doctor can use X-ray imaging to determine if it is caused by any other reason or gouty arthritis. Ultrasound A musculoskeletal ultrasound test is used to determine if one has gout or any other form of arthritis.

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